Project Overview

UPCYCLE aims to create new circular value chains that turn today’s non-recyclable plastic waste into highly recyclable and non-persistent packaging materials, ensuring they do not remain in the environment for centuries.

Upcycle Project - Biorefinery Concept

Building on the H2020 UPLIFT project, UPCYCLE addresses scalability hotspots to reach economic viability by scaling a plastic biorefinery and ecopolymers strategy guided by SSbD, AI-powered fast-track innovation, versatile biorefinery processes, and smart polymerisation / formulation.

Upcycle Project - Plastic Film

Objectives
& Ambition

Aims

1
Demonstrate feasibility at TRL7 of circular and renewable plastic value chains, targeting substitution of PET, PE, and PP in selected packaging applications.
2
Deliver polymer systems with tuned properties (recyclability / biodegradability and performance), focusing on controlled loops (chemo-enzymatic recyclability and industrial / home composting where relevant) while assessing open-environment biodegradation.
3
Ensure materials remain safe and sustainable: SSbD guidance, regulatory compliance (e.g., REACH, OHS), and robust life-cycle performance, including GHG reduction targets.
4
Scale and validate biorefinery routes and smart formulations with Digital Twins, TEA/LCC, and data-driven optimisation to progress from pilot to pre-industrial scale.

Objectives

  • Demonstrating the safe and sustainable design of biodegradable polymer materials for packaging applications.

  • Eco-design and smart formulations using bio-based additives and building-blocks.

  • Demonstrating chemo-enzymatic depolymerisation of post-consumer mixed plastic packaging waste streams as novel feedstock.

  • Demonstrating bio-upcycling of plastic waste to produce biodegradable and recyclable building blocks.

  • Ensuring the market uptake of UPCYCLE’s novel processes and products for maximised impact.

Approach
& Methodology

UPCYCLE follows a 48-month plan centred on the SSbD framework, applying circular economy, LCA, socio-economic and safety assessments. The R&D timeline includes:

M1 - M2
M1 - M2

Initiation and planning

M1 - M18
M1 - M18

Process intensification for scalability

M19 - M48
M19 - M48

Tech transfer and demonstration

Target Applications

  • Vegetable flexible packaging (salads): overcoming PE recyclability issues and food-residue contamination via enzymatically recyclable and compostable alternatives.

  • Short-lifetime deli packaging (cheese): replacing nearly non-recyclable multilayer PE/PA with bio-based recyclable / compostable mono-materials.

  • Beverage bottles (e.g., liquid kefir): renewable, recyclable mono-material formulations compatible with mechanical and/or chemo-enzymatic recycling, supporting EPR strategies.

  • Personal care bottles (shampoo): robust packaging designed for compatibility with mechanical and chemo-enzymatic recycling, increasing recycled / biodegradable content.

KER

  • Novel eco-designed polymer materials (PHA-, PLA-, and furan-based polymers) that exhibit the desired technical performance while providing environmental benefits and low carbon footprint

  • Develop sustainable additives and catalysts to support the production of bio-degradable polymers.

  • UPCYCLE will have developed at least four use-case biodegradable and recyclable polymer systems, demonstrated at TRL7, for flexible film packaging (salads, cheese) and bottles (liquid kefir, shampoo).

Expected Outcomes

  • Next generation of biodegradable polymer materials, which will also be recyclable materials

  • Switch from PP, PE, and PET to bio-degradable materials with 30% reduced GHG emissions.

  • Packaging industry will apply business model of circularity-by-design and sustainable end-of-life (EoL) solutions.

  • Reduction in landfill waste volume of packaging materials.

  • Reduce the plastic pollution of the oceans / environment.

Upcycle Project - Cheese Deli Package
Upcycle Project - Salad Bag Package
Upcycle Project - Bottle Kefir

Biorefinery Concept and Feedstock Strategy

Upcycle Project - Concept scheme
Chemo-enzymatic depolymerisation and microbial fermentation to convert mixed plastic waste and secondary biomass residues into monomers/building blocks for eco-polymers.
Flexible feedstock includes PE/PP, PET/Bio-PET, PLA, PBAT, and biomass residues (e.g., used cooking oil, crude glycerol, cellulosic glucose, food waste), aligning with current markets and trends towards 2030.
Goal: increase circularity by transforming non-recyclable mixed plastic packaging waste (often landfilled/incinerated) into renewable ecoplastics, promoting a viable circular business model.

Process Intensification and Scale-up

  • Chemo-enzymatic depolymerisation (WP2):

    Cascade approach for PET/PBAT enzymatic hydrolysis and monomer recovery; PLA depolymerisation via non-toxic guanidine metal catalysts (including continuous extrusion); pyrolysis of remaining PE/PP to wax for fermentation.

  • Fermentation (WP3):

    Increase titres and yields for PHB/mcl-PHA from PET/PBAT hydrolysates and from PE pyrolysis wax; produce biobased plasticisers (e.g., levulinic acid derivatives) and FDCA.

  • Polymerisation and formulation (WP4):

    Smart copolymerisation/blending of PHA-, PLA-, and furan-based systems using bio-based degradable additives (e.g., HPAA-based approaches); continuous reactive extrusion (REX) explored for scalable processing.

  • Tech transfer:

    Select most promising routes and scale batches to 10-25 kg (materials) and up to 25 kg per batch (depolymerisation), preparing for TRL7 demonstrations.

Large-Scale Demonstration and Digital Twins

  • Biorefinery demonstration (WP5) at TRL7 in 300-2500 L reactors:

    Addressing reactor design, process control, and industrial integration with a holistic up/downstream approach.

  • Packaging demonstration (WP6):

    Compounding/blending and transformation into films (twin screw/cast extrusion) and bottles (blow moulding); testing materials at 100-200 kg scale with end-user validation.

  • Digital Twins:

    Virtual replicas for real-time simulation and optimisation across depolymerisation, fermentation, and polyester synthesis; sensitivity analysis and cost modelling (TEA, CAPEX/OPEX) to guide efficiency and MSP reduction.

Impact Overview